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Chapter 4:
Agency Outreach Efforts in the Adolescent SPNS Projects
As part of the cross-cutting evaluation of the adolescent SPNS projects, each program was asked to complete a presentation form for each agency outreach activity.
Using the presentation form, projects were able to code their agency outreach activities including the purpose, topics discussed, participating individuals and organizations, and general characteristics of the individuals who were reached. A copy of the presentation form is included in Appendix II of this report.
Between the time that the presentation forms were implemented in the 10 adolescent SPNS projects in December 1993 and the end of March 1996, most of the projects had coded a number of different agency outreach efforts. The number of forms submitted for processing to the central data archive is summarized in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1
Presentation Forms
Received Between December 1993 and March 31, 1996
| Project | Number of Forms |
| Bay Area Young Positives | 46 |
| Children’s Hospital of Boston | 324 |
| Childrens Hospital Los Angeles | 22 |
| Greater Bridgeport Adolescent Pregnancy Project | 18 |
| Health Initiatives for Youth | 176 |
| State of Indiana | 65 |
| University of Alabama, Birmingham | 43 |
| University of Minnesota | 0 |
| Walden House, Inc. | 123 |
| YouthCare | 53 |
| Total | 870 |
Presentation forms are completed by projects if they conduct any of several group or low-intensity outreach activities. Note that each activity may be characterized in more than one way. Table 4-2 describes the purpose of the activities captured by the presentations forms. Figure 4-1 shows the percentage of the 870 presentations conducted for each of these purposes.
Table 4-2
Presentation Activities
| Type of Activity | Description |
| Advocacy for Clients | Includes promoting the needs of specific clients or groups. The advocacy may be done by a service provider or case manager. |
| Policy Advocacy | This activity includes promoting the needs of youth in general or specific groups to those who can affect change at a policy level. This may include decision-makers or community groups. |
| Agency Education/Training | This activity includes educational or training activities provided directly to agencies, as opposed to individuals or the community at large. |
| Agency Outreach | This activity includes outreach to service provider agencies to raise awareness and explain the purpose of the program. |
| Community Outreach | This activity includes outreach to the community, not other service provider agencies, to raise awareness and explain the purpose of the program. |
| Education/Lecture | This activity includes educational group presentations. |
| Group Prevention | This activity includes prevention activities directed at a group, as opposed to individual-level activities. |
| Cross-training | This activity includes sharing information with other service provider agencies and individuals about topics related to their mission that can help them meet the needs of their clients/participants. For example, if an agency deals primarily with HIV and youth, the agency might provide cross-training to a drug treatment program to help them learn how to deal with certain aspects of HIV among youth. |
| Health Fair | This activity includes information booths, brochure distribution, or other types of representation for the agency at a community health fair. |
| Recruit Volunteers | This activity includes recruitment of volunteers to work with the program. |
| Fund-raising | This activity includes raising money or other resources for the program. |
 |
Figure 4-1. Purpose of the presentations (N=870 presentations).
The majority of the 870 presentations were held to provide agency outreach. This was closely followed by education/lectures, community outreach, and agency education/training.
Fund-raising was the least mentioned purpose, with only 1.5 percent of the 870 presentations used for that purpose.
Of the 870 presentations, 287 (33 percent) were conducted for only one purpose, 202 (23.2 percent) for two purposes, 125 (14.4 percent) for three purposes, 114 (13.1 percent) for four purposes, 65 (7.5 percent) for five purposes, and 65 (7.5 percent) for 6 or more purposes. Twelve (1.4 percent) of the presentations had no purpose identified.
Projects recorded the topics that were discussed during each presentation session. Table 4-3 defines these topics.
Table 4-3
Topics Discussed During Presentations
| Topic Discussed | Description |
| HIV Risk Factors | Topics discussed relate to HIV risk factors, including, but not limited to, sexual behaviors, injection and other drug use, blood sharing, and other factors that increase a person's risk for HIV. |
| "Safer" Sex | Topics discussed relate to "safer sex" and ways to reduce risk through abstinence, using latex protection, and practicing less risky sexual behaviors. |
| HIV Testing | Topics discussed relate to getting HIV testing, what the test means, pre- and post-test counseling, implications of getting tested, and other related topics. |
| HIV Services | Topics discussed relate to getting prevention, intervention, and/or treatment services for HIV for oneself or someone else. |
| SPNS Services | Topics discussed relate specifically to the services provided by a program funded by SPNS. |
| Community AIDS Response | Topics discussed relate to community reactions to HIV and AIDS, activism, advocacy, and other related issues. |
| Substance Abuse | Topics discussed relate to alcohol and other drug abuse, including, but not limited to, prevention, identification of abuse, intervention and treatment services, links between substance abuse and HIV, 12-step groups, and other related issues. |
| Social/Psychological Services | Topics discussed relate to social and psychological services such as counseling and case management. Service needs, availability, and accessibility of community resources may be included here. |
| Health Services (General) | Topics discussed relate to health and medical services in general, not necessarily specific to HIV or AIDS. |
| Youth Empowerment | Topics discussed relate to teaching youth skills to negotiate the service system on their own. This is similar to advocacy, but in youth empowerment, the young person learns how to advocate for him- or herself. |
Figure 4-2 shows the percentage of the 870 presentations at which each topic was discussed.
 |
Figure 4-2. Topics discussed at the presentations (N=870 presentations).
The most common topic discussed was HIV services, with 71.3 percent of the 870 presentations including this topic.
Table 4-4 on the next page relates the purpose of the presentations to the topics that were discussed during the presentation. For instance, discussion about HIV risk factors occurred at 78.6 percent of the group prevention sessions and at 77.8 percent of the health fair sessions, but at only 48.1 percent of the policy advocacy sessions.
Table 4-4
Topics Discussed at Different Activities
| Purpose of Activity | HIV Risk Factors |
"Safer" Sex |
HIV Testing |
HIV Services |
Substance Abuse |
Social/ Psych Services |
Health Services |
Youth Empower-ment |
Community AIDS Response |
SPNS Services |
| Advocacy for Clients (N=201) | 56.0% |
42.4% |
46.1% |
75.4% |
50.8% |
56.5% |
69.1% |
70.7% |
44.0% |
82.7% |
| Policy Advocacy (N=88) | 48.1% |
26.6% |
40.5% |
75.9% |
49.4% |
48.1% |
73.4% |
73.4% |
65.8% |
78.5% |
| Agency Education/ Training (N=366) |
62.0% |
51.9% |
62.8% |
81.1% |
55.7% |
59.6% |
62.3% |
52.7% |
37.4% |
74.0% |
| Agency Outreach (N=445) |
52.2% |
42.2% |
48.9% |
78.8% |
59.4% |
50.0% |
62.3% |
68.1% |
39.1% |
85.3% |
| Community Outreach (N=388) |
61.1% |
53.6% |
55.9% |
70.4% |
55.4% |
38.4% |
53.6% |
76.5% |
37.1% |
78.9% |
| Education/ Lecture (N=404) |
67.6% |
59.9% |
60.1% |
67.6% |
48.5% |
33.9% |
57.9% |
70.8% |
35.9% |
75.0% |
| Group Prevention (N=253) |
78.6% |
74.9% |
72.0% |
79.4% |
58.0% |
35.0% |
63.8% |
78.2% |
36.6% |
82.3% |
| Cross-training (N=36) |
50.0% |
33.3% |
36.1% |
66.7% |
33.3% |
52.8% |
66.7% |
63.9% |
50.0% |
75.0% |
| Health Fair (N=27) |
77.8% |
77.8% |
63.0% |
85.2% |
55.6% |
37.0% |
55.6% |
70.4% |
33.3% |
66.7% |
| Recruit Volunteers (N=42) |
51.2% |
41.5% |
29.3% |
70.7% |
48.8% |
58.5% |
58.5% |
82.9% |
29.3% |
78.0% |
| Fund-raising (N=13) |
61.5% |
61.5% |
69.2% |
92.3% |
69.2% |
53.8% |
69.2% |
92.3% |
61.5% |
92.3% |
Note. The numbers listed in parentheses under each activity purpose (first column) reflect the number of presentations which had this activity as one of their purposes.
Table 4-5 describes the target groups for the presentations, while Figure 4-3 shows the percentage of the 870 presentations that were made to each of the target groups.
Table 4-5
Target Groups for Presentations
| Target Group | Description |
| School | This group includes administrators, educators, students, and parents. |
| Religious | This group includes church or other religious-affiliated groups, including clergy, congregations, youth groups, etc. |
| Health Care Provider | This group includes physicians, nurses, and other related health care providers. |
| CJS Workers | This group includes criminal justice system workers such as probation or parole officers, police, judges, corrections personnel, and others in the criminal justice system. |
| Social Service Providers | This group includes providers of social or mental health services such as social workers, counselors, drug treatment providers, case managers, etc. |
| Planning/Policy | This group includes administrators, elected officials, planning councils, and advisory boards. |
| Family Members | This group includes parents, siblings, and extended family members. |
| Grass-roots | This group includes general community groups and grass-roots coalitions. |
| Peers/Youth | This group includes youth the same age as those served by the program. |
| Community Services | This group includes organizations such as The Rotary Club, Soroptomists, The League of Women Voters, etc. |
Figure 4-3 displays the percentage of the 870 presentations that were made to each of the target groups.
 |
Figure 4-3. Target groups for the presentations (N=870 presentations).
The largest target group for the presentations was social service providers. This group was included in 48.5 percent of the 870 agency outreach efforts recorded.
Health care and community services providers were the second and third most prevalent groups, with 43.0 percent and 39.9 percent, respectively.
A total of 36.4 percent of the 870 presentations were targeted towards peers/youth.
The least targeted groups in those outreach efforts were religious (2.9 percent) and family members (4.0 percent).
Table 4-6 shows the major purposes of the presentations made to different target groups. For instance, of those presentations targeting criminal justice system workers, more than half of the sessions were conducted to advocate for clients. Table 4-7 shows the major topics that were discussed during the presentations made to various target groups for the sessions.
Table 4-6
Purposes For Presentations With Different Target Groups
Target Group |
Advocacy For Clients |
Policy Advocacy |
Agency Education & Training |
Agency Outreach |
Community Outreach |
Education/ |
Group Prevention |
Cross- |
Health Fair |
Recruit Volunteers |
Fund- raising |
School (N=172) |
21.2% |
7.6% |
33.5% |
62.9% |
72.4% |
84.7% |
57.1% |
2.4% |
5.9% |
7.6% |
0.6% |
Religious (N=25) |
33.3% |
16.7% |
29.2% |
58.3% |
79.2% |
75.0% |
37.5% |
4.2% |
12.5% |
8.3% |
8.3% |
Health Care Providers (N=374) |
20.7% |
10.7% |
58.4% |
45.2% |
27.5% |
35.8% |
17.4% |
7.7% |
3.9% |
3.0% |
0.6% |
CJS Workers (N=69) |
62.3% |
10.1% |
66.7% |
87.0% |
81.2% |
68.1% |
47.8% |
5.8% |
4.3% |
8.7% |
1.4% |
Social Service Providers (N=422) |
27.9% |
11.9% |
57.3% |
57.5% |
40.0% |
36.9% |
24.5% |
6.1% |
2.4% |
4.1% |
1.7% |
Planning/ Policy (N=85) |
27.4% |
41.1% |
52.1% |
42.5% |
35.6% |
39.7% |
16.4% |
6.8% |
2.7% |
2.7% |
2.7% |
Family Members (N=35) |
34.3% |
17.1% |
31.4% |
60.0% |
74.3% |
80.0% |
40.0% |
2.9% |
17.1% |
14.3% |
2.9% |
Grass-roots (N=90) |
29.1% |
27.9% |
38.4% |
60.5% |
66.3% |
69.8% |
50.0% |
11.6% |
7.0% |
17.4% |
3.5% |
Peers/Youth (N=317) |
18.2% |
8.6% |
29.4% |
57.1% |
71.6% |
68.0% |
52.1% |
2.6% |
5.0% |
4.3% |
1.3% |
Community Services (N=347) |
28.4% |
12.6% |
38.6% |
78.1% |
65.2% |
55.3% |
41.2% |
3.8% |
6.1% |
4.7% |
2.9% |
Note. The number listed in parentheses below each target population (first column) reflects the number of presentations for which site staff indicated that this particular population was in the audience.
Table 4-7
Topics Discussed With Different Target Groups
| Target Group | HIV Risk Factors |
"Safer" Sex |
HIV Testing |
HIV Services |
SPNS Services |
Community AIDS Response |
Substance Abuse |
Social/ Psych Services |
Health Services (General) |
Youth Empowerment |
| School (N=172) |
69.4% |
67.1% |
68.2% |
65.3% |
80.0% |
42.4% |
50.6% |
22.9% |
47.6% |
76.5% |
| Religious (N=25) |
79.2% |
62.5% |
66.7% |
79.2% |
54.2% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
50.0% |
62.5% |
75.0% |
| Health Care Providers (N=374) |
48.5% |
33.9% |
50.4% |
76.9% |
71.6% |
40.2% |
44.1% |
58.7% |
63.9% |
37.2% |
| CJS Workers (N=69) |
66.7% |
59.4% |
63.8% |
72.5% |
87.0% |
37.7% |
65.2% |
63.8% |
66.7% |
78.3% |
| Social Service Providers (N=422) |
49.0% |
38.1% |
51.0% |
78.4% |
76.2% |
40.5% |
56.8% |
67.0% |
67.0% |
49.8% |
| Planning/ Policy (N=85) |
39.7% |
21.9% |
45.2% |
65.8% |
76.7% |
63.0% |
37.0% |
46.6% |
57.5% |
61.6% |
| Family Members (N=35) |
71.4% |
65.7% |
60.0% |
82.9% |
65.7% |
65.7% |
57.1% |
34.3% |
57.1% |
68.6% |
| Grass-roots (N=90) |
52.3% |
44.2% |
51.2% |
67.4% |
75.6% |
50.0% |
41.9% |
38.4% |
70.9% |
79.1% |
| Peers/Youth (N=317) |
63.7% |
62.4% |
58.1% |
63.0% |
76.2% |
31.7% |
52.8% |
28.7% |
45.2% |
73.6% |
| Community Services (N=347) |
58.8% |
47.7% |
56.1% |
78.9% |
79.2% |
41.5% |
63.2% |
52.6% |
67.3% |
66.4% |
Note. The number listed in parentheses below each target population (first column) reflects the number of presentations for which site staff indicated that this particular population was in the audience.
Table 4-8 defines the items that were provided to clients at various presentations. These ranged from brochures and similar educational items to items such as bleach and condoms that can be used to decrease the risk of HIV transmission from the injection of drugs and sexual intercourse.
Table 4-8
Items Provided at Presentations
| Items Provided | Description |
| Brochures | These items include brochures, pamphlets, or flyers; any short, printed item can be counted as a brochure. |
| Other Educational Materials | Items include other educational materials (not brochures, service directories, or wallet cards). |
| Referral List/Directories | Items include referral lists or service provider directories. |
| Wallet Cards | These items include a wallet card or other small card with information about hotlines, service provider agencies, and other existing programs. |
| Food/Vouchers | Items distributed include food or food vouchers. |
| Condoms | Condoms are provided. |
| Dental Dams | Dental dams are provided. |
| Bleach | Bleach or bleach kits are included. |
| Bus Tokens/Transport | Items provided include bus tokens and transportation or vouchers (such as taxi vouchers). |
Figure 4-4 shows the percentage of the presentations where different items were available. Note that many of the agencies make wallet cards – including information about their agency and their larger referral networks – available at the presentations.
 |
Figure 4-4. Items provided at each presentation (N=870 presentations).
Brochures were the items most often provided at presentations (available at 48.9 percent of the 870 presentations).
Other frequently provided items were other educational materials (32.0 percent) and wallet cards (25.4 percent).
Bus tokens and transportation (0.7 percent) and bleach (1.7 percent) were the least often provided items at these formal presentations.
Individuals Directly Impacted by Group Outreach
Activities
For each of the group outreach sessions, providers estimated how many individuals were
present. Table 4-9 shows the distribution of the total number of individuals impacted by
the 870 presentations.
Table 4-9
Number of Individuals Estimated to Be Impacted by Presentations
(N=870 presentations)
Number of Individuals Impacted by Presentations |
Percent of Participants |
1 |
11.1 |
2-5 |
16.6 |
6-10 |
20.2 |
11-25 |
25.2 |
26-50 |
15.2 |
51-100 |
5.1 |
101-250 |
3.6 |
250 or more |
3.0 |
The number of individuals estimated to have been impacted by a single presentation ranged from 1 to 1,750.
The mean number of individuals to which presentations were made was 37.4 (standard deviation=109.1).
Approximately one-half of the presentations were made to smaller groups of eleven persons or fewer.
The mean number of males to which presentations were made was 16.8 (standard deviation=54.2).
The mean number of females to which presentations were made was 20.5 (standard deviation=59.2).
Almost 17 percent of the presentations had exclusively female participants.
Estimates of the numbers of individuals impacted by presentations were based on counts provided by each of the sites. For a single presentation, site staff were asked to record on a presentation form the number of male and female individuals who were "served, contacted, or reached" by that presentation. Along with the actual counts, the staff were asked to calculate the percentage of male and female persons who were of various ages (9 to 17 years, 18 to 24 years, and 25 years or older) and from ethnic/racial (African American, Asian American/Pacific Islander, Caucasian, Latino, Native American, and other/multi-racial) groups. Based on these percentages and the actual counts of male and female participants, estimates of the numbers of male and female individuals belonging to the different age and ethnic/racial groups were derived.
Figure 4-5 estimates the total number of males and females in different demographic categories who were impacted by the 870 presentations.. Note that the age and ethnic/racial categories are not mutually exclusive. It is interesting to note that while the group outreach activities are well-distributed across different ethnic/racial categories, Asian Americans may be somewhat overrepresented based on their percentage in the general population. This "overrepresentation" may be due to the fact that five of the 10 projects were located on the Pacific Coast. This is also significant because Asian Americans have traditionally been underrepresented among groups that test positive for HIV, and it has been argued that special strategies may be necessary to outreach to this group. It is possible that such strategies have been used by these grantees.
 |
Figure 4-5. Age and ethnic/racial characteristics of individuals estimated to be impacted by all presentations (N=870 presentations).
Most individuals attending the presentations were under the age of 18 (11,813 individuals), female (17,763 individuals), and Caucasian (14,658 individuals).
African Americans were the second largest ethnic group represented with 6,011 individuals, followed by Latinos with 5,494 individuals.
Figure 4-6 presents information about who was impacted by the presentations. The data are presented as percentages of the total number of males and females impacted, within the sets of age categories or ethnic/racial categories. For instance, of all males impacted, 39.7 percent were of the ages 9 to 17. Of the females impacted, 32.9 percent were of age 25 or older. The majority of the males and females impacted by the presentations were people of color, with significant representation among this group for African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos/Hispanics.
 |
Figure 4-6. Percentage of individuals impacted by presentations (N=870 presentations).
The largest groups of male and female individuals attending the presentations were under the age of 18 (36.5 percent) and Caucasian (45.3 percent).
There was a greater percentage of males in the African American, Latino, and Native American groups, while the percentage of females was greater in the Asian American and Caucasian groups.
Table 4-10 provides the number of males from different categorical groups who were estimated to be impacted by the different types of activities, while Table 4-11 shows parallel values for females. Table 4-12 shows the number of males who received information about different topics (pooling across all times of presentations), while Table 4-13 shows the same estimates for females.
Table 4-10
Number and Characteristics of Males Impacted by Different Activities
| Purpose of Activity | Age 9-17 |
Age 18-24 |
Age 25+ |
Age Unknown |
African American |
Asian American |
Caucasian |
Latino |
Native American |
Other/ Multi-racial |
Ethnicity Unknown |
| Advocacy for Clients (N=201) |
1,092 |
392 |
643 |
50 |
368 |
104 |
1,170 |
241 |
6 |
15 |
277 |
| Policy Advocacy (N=88) |
125 |
293 |
904 |
33 |
329 |
294 |
501 |
159 |
8 |
19 |
45 |
| Agency Education/ Training (N=366) |
1,742 |
293 |
1,275 |
173 |
870 |
365 |
1,455 |
497 |
16 |
92 |
191 |
| Agency Outreach (N=445) |
3,649 |
1,442 |
1,627 |
497 |
1,410 |
995 |
2,502 |
1,679 |
82 |
176 |
370 |
| Community Outreach (N=388) |
4,113 |
2,372 |
2,035 |
462 |
1,768 |
1,252 |
3,204 |
2,135 |
77 |
184 |
361 |
| Education/ Lecture (N=404) |
5,056 |
2,165 |
2,142 |
753 |
2,060 |
1,094 |
4,181 |
2,012 |
124 |
275 |
373 |
| Group Prevention (N=253) |
4,399 |
1,902 |
780 |
581 |
1,525 |
1,266 |
2,260 |
2,046 |
137 |
232 |
197 |
| Cross-training (N=36) |
32 |
21 |
184 |
160 |
79 |
6 |
108 |
42 |
2 |
3 |
160 |
| Health Fair (N=27) |
290 |
387 |
337 |
0 |
210 |
268 |
143 |
176 |
9 |
8 |
200 |
| Recruit Volunteers (N=42) |
224 |
439 |
235 |
2 |
106 |
20 |
680 |
73 |
0 |
9 |
12 |
| Fund-raising (N=13) |
41 |
7 |
103 |
0 |
33 |
4 |
94 |
19 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Note. Below each activity in parenthesis is the number of presentations with this activity as a purpose. The number of individuals appearing in each cell have been rounded to the nearest whole integer, thus, totals may not be exact.
Table 4-11
Number and Characteristics of Females Impacted by Different Activities
| Purpose of Activity | Age 9-17 |
Age 18-24 |
Age 25+ |
Age Unknown |
African American |
Asian American |
Caucasian |
Latino |
Native American |
Other/ Multi-racial |
Ethnicity Unknown |
| Advocacy for Clients (N=201) |
1,092 |
655 |
1,232 |
84 |
518 |
124 |
1,990 |
287 |
14 |
31 |
100 |
| Policy Advocacy (N=88) |
234 |
583 |
896 |
58 |
280 |
676 |
622 |
109 |
6 |
21 |
57 |
| Agency Education/ Training (N=366) |
1,689 |
582 |
2,008 |
144 |
970 |
482 |
2,069 |
631 |
12 |
88 |
172 |
| Agency Outreach (N=445) |
3,689 |
2,502 |
2,280 |
285 |
1,529 |
1,892 |
3,302 |
1,562 |
71 |
224 |
177 |
| Community Outreach (N=388) |
3,998 |
3,374 |
2,610 |
266 |
1,786 |
1,992 |
3,931 |
2,048 |
71 |
277 |
143 |
| Education/ Lecture (N=404) |
5,348 |
3,378 |
3,014 |
499 |
2,227 |
2,051 |
5,172 |
2,018 |
119 |
283 |
370 |
| Group Prevention (N=253) |
4,500 |
2,325 |
752 |
266 |
1,320 |
1,481 |
2,542 |
1,914 |
114 |
292 |
179 |
| Cross-training (N=36) |
26 |
21 |
318 |
170 |
105 |
7 |
191 |
47 |
8 |
8 |
170 |
| Health Fair (N=27) |
472 |
896 |
520 |
0 |
386 |
672 |
594 |
211 |
9 |
18 |
0 |
| Recruit Volunteers (N=42) |
215 |
447 |
299 |
0 |
130 |
18 |
710 |
85 |
1 |
16 |
2 |
| Fund-raising (N=13) |
46 |
2 |
64 |
0 |
40 |
0 |
46 |
22 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
Note. Below each activity in parentheses is the number of presentations with this activity as a purpose. The number of individuals appearing in each cell have been rounded to the nearest whole integer, thus, totals may not be exact.
Table 4-12
Number and Characteristics of Males Receiving Information About Various Topics
| Discussion Topic | Age 9-17 |
Age 18-24 |
Age 25+ |
Age Unknown |
African American |
Asian American |
Caucasian |
Latino |
Native American |
Other/ |
Ethnicity Unknown |
| HIV Risk Factors (N=452) |
4,818 |
2,288 |
1,729 |
694 |
1,882 |
1,139 |
3,590 |
1,991 |
109 |
253 |
566 |
| "Safer" Sex (N=369) |
4,829 |
2,247 |
1,346 |
682 |
1,736 |
1,122 |
3,413 |
1,939 |
107 |
229 |
557 |
| HIV Testing (N=441) |
4,736 |
2,737 |
2,120 |
688 |
2,044 |
1,422 |
3,826 |
2,330 |
115 |
250 |
293 |
| HIV Services (N=621) |
4,715 |
2,653 |
2,539 |
731 |
2,052 |
1,443 |
3,887 |
2,332 |
115 |
254 |
556 |
| SPNS Services (N=621) |
5,091 |
3,091 |
3,244 |
628 |
2,144 |
1,489 |
5,035 |
2,497 |
168 |
279 |
443 |
| Community AIDS Response (N=312) |
2,213 |
1,839 |
1,949 |
596 |
1,243 |
638 |
2,949 |
1,312 |
61 |
149 |
245 |
| Substance Abuse (N=413) |
3,144 |
692 |
1,197 |
405 |
1,223 |
738 |
1,665 |
1,546 |
78 |
155 |
33 |
| Social/Psych Services (N=411) |
807 |
615 |
1,422 |
66 |
636 |
389 |
1,338 |
388 |
14 |
68 |
80 |
| Health Services (N=491) |
1,912 |
931 |
1,508 |
361 |
1,022 |
488 |
2,115 |
546 |
62 |
109 |
370 |
| Youth Empower-ment (N=480) |
4,986 |
2,602 |
2,154 |
624 |
2,058 |
1,178 |
4,322 |
2,050 |
161 |
275 |
322 |
Note. Below each discussion topic in parentheses lists the number of presentations at which the particular topic was discussed. The number of individuals appearing in each cell have been rounded to the nearest whole integer, thus, totals may not be exact.
Table 4-13
Number and Characteristics of Females Receiving Information About Various Topics
| Discussion Topic | Age 9-17 |
Age 18-24 |
Age 25+ |
Age Unknown |
African American |
Asian American |
Caucasian |
Latino |
Native American |
Other/ |
Ethnicity Unknown |
| HIV Risk Factors (N=452) |
4,991 |
3,605 |
2,650 |
360 |
2,059 |
2,036 |
4,958 |
1,957 |
81 |
248 |
268 |
| "Safer" Sex (N=369) |
4,939 |
3,508 |
1,907 |
350 |
1,793 |
2,015 |
4,514 |
1,857 |
78 |
216 |
231 |
| HIV Testing (N=441) |
4,779 |
3,918 |
2,810 |
352 |
2,039 |
2,215 |
4,694 |
2,268 |
85 |
327 |
231 |
| HIV Services (N=621) |
4,692 |
3,793 |
3,494 |
425 |
2,201 |
2,241 |
4,932 |
2,275 |
100 |
337 |
318 |
| SPNS Services (N=621) |
5,200 |
4,213 |
4,257 |
346 |
2,137 |
2,279 |
6,500 |
2,366 |
135 |
365 |
234 |
| Community AIDS Response (N=312) |
2,422 |
2,395 |
2,334 |
408 |
1,268 |
1,029 |
3,516 |
1,256 |
50 |
139 |
301 |
| Substance Abuse (N=413) |
3,152 |
1,222 |
1,672 |
149 |
1,231 |
1,162 |
2,078 |
1,430 |
71 |
182 |
40 |
| Social/ Psych Services (N=411) |
889 |
1,338 |
2,218 |
112 |
819 |
859 |
2,218 |
425 |
14 |
110 |
113 |
| Health Services (N=491) |
1,884 |
1,489 |
2,495 |
297 |
1,239 |
921 |
2,840 |
586 |
71 |
169 |
338 |
| Youth Empower-ment (N=480) |
5,065 |
3,623 |
2,658 |
430 |
2,076 |
2,062 |
5,004 |
1,928 |
126 |
279 |
302 |
Note. Below each discussion topic in parentheses lists the number of presentations at which the particular topic discussed. The number of individuals appearing in each cell have been rounded to the nearest whole integer, thus, totals may not be exact.
Summary
As illustrated in this chapter, hundreds of presentations were made by the adolescent
SPNS projects to thousands of individuals. Although these presentations served multiple
purposes, the most frequently identified reason for these activities was agency outreach.
A number of HIV-related topics were covered during these presentations – primarily
related to service delivery. Audiences for these presentations ranged from health, social,
and community service providers to planning and policy groups. Youth were highly
represented among these presentations; the majority of the participants were identified as
under the age of 18. Thus, across the 10 adolescent SPNS projects, a variety of youth have
been recipients of outreach activities.
The aggregate activities of the 10 grantees are significant. Literally thousands of individuals have been reached through small- and large-group presentations, lectures, advocacy sessions, and other outreach efforts. These contacts have been with both older and younger adults,